This session highlights integrated approaches to drilling performance optimization, combining physics-based, system-level design with real-time operational intelligence. The selected papers span innovations in MWD thermal management, bit and cutter design, drilling dynamics, and well construction, alongside data-driven workflows for risk mitigation and efficiency improvement. A central theme is the shift from maximizing individual parameters to optimizing across system constraints—balancing hydraulics, rate of penetration, vibration, and rig power demand. Collectively, these contributions illustrate a transition toward more efficient, reliable, and energy-aware drilling through physics-informed and data-driven strategies—moving from “maximizing inputs” to “optimizing interactions".